Korea: The First War We Lost

By Bevin Alexander

Index

Acheson, Dean

  • secy of state, 18, 24, 32, 49, 149, 163, 231, 246, 296, 414, 415, 417, 456, 465, 469
  • White Paper on China, 19-20
  • intervention in Korea, 33-34
  • regarding Taiwan, 34-35, 38, 40, 164, 166, 177, 178
  • plan to conquer North Korea, 167, 233, 234, 235, 238, 242-43
  • Chinese intervention, 288-89; 291-92; 295, 369, 373
  • bombing Yalu bridges, 289
  • on use of A-bomb, 371
  • cease-fire pro­posals, 372, 426-28; 434, 467
  • limiting war aims, 384
  • POW issue, 454
  • isolating Red China, 387-88
  • relief of MacArthur, 405, 409, 411

Adams, James Y., CoI., 444-45

Airborne units. See United States

Army

Air Force. See United States Air Force

Air War College, 239

Aleman, Miguel, 466, 471

Aleutians, 18

Allan, Halle C., Capt., 198

Allen, Frank A., Brig. Gen., 253

Allenby, Edmund Henry H., Field Marshal, 151

Almond, Edward M., Maj. Gen., 53, 120, 157, 170, 171, 186, 197, 203, 204, 206, 207, 211, 212, 214, 218, 307, 309, 321, 356, 357, 380, 382

Amyotte, George A.J., Cpl., 365, 366

Anderson, Clarence R., Capt., 282

Anderson, Orvil A., Maj. Gen., 239

Anderson, Vernice, 247

Andong, 74, 116, 117, 383

Anju, 254, 255, 270, 274, 283, 313, 314, 316, 318

Anshan, China, 260

Ansong, 56, 62, 63, 381

An-tung (Dandong), China, 254

Anui, 106, 114, 226

Appleman, Roy E., 31, 73, 107, 123, 248

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regiment. See British Commonwealth forces

Armored units. See United States Army

Army, Department of, U.S., 242, 243. See also Defense, Depart­ment of, U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.

Army units. See United States Army Artillery units. See United States

Army

Ashiya air base, Japan, 266

Associated Press, 235

Atomic bomb

  • on Hiroshima, 9
  • American reliance on, 47-48
  • the Soviet Union’s, 239
  • possible use against China, 258, 371, 468, 475 British-American statement, 374

Atrocities

  • against U.S. troops, 72, 143-44, 192-93, 226, 253, 254-55
  • against South Koreans
  • 225-26; by South Koreans, 226-27

Attlee, Clement, 371, 372, 374

Austin, Warren R., Amb., 177, 179, 238-39, 241, 288, 370, 388

Australia, 295

Australian Air Force, 54, 56, 69, 134, 357

Australian Navy, 194-95

Australian Regiment, Royal. See British Commonwealth forces

Austria-Hungary, 21

Ayres, Harold B., Lt. Col., 97, 98, 100, 102

Baker, Robert W., Lt., 223-24

Baldwin, Hanson W., 234

Barber, William E., Capt., 350

Barnett, A. Doak, 18

Barr, David G., Maj. Gen., 213, 309

Barrow, Robert, Capt., 207, 208, 210, 218

Barth, George B., Brig. Gen., 64

Barszcz, Michael, Capt., 89-90

Battle Mountain, 132, 183

Beall, Olin L., Lt. Col., 338-39

Beauchamp, Charles E., Col., 93, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 105

Beech, Keyes, 349

Beijing (Peking), 16, 231, 232, 239, 41, 243, 244, 245, 258, 259, 260, 289, 299, 375, 386, 387, 388, 406, 427, 432, 434, 437, 456

Belgium, 76

Benson, Robert F., PFC, 348

Bernard, Carl F., Lt., 62

Berlin blockade, 1

Bevin, Ernest, 236

Big Switch. See Prisoners of War (POWs)

Bigger, Erwin B., Capt., 329, 335, 338

Bixler, Ray, Lt., 70-71

Bloody Angle, Battle of the, 447

Bloody Gulch, 131

Bloody Ridge, Battle of, Map 13, 439, 440-42, 447

Blair House conferences, 33-35

Boatner, Haydon L., Brig. Gen., 462- 63

Bolt, Jack, Capt., 2 75-76

Bolte, Charles L., Maj. Gen., 296

Bonesteel, C. H., III, Col., 10

Bowling Alley, Battle of the, 145-47

Boyd, Ralph C., Lt., 105

Bradley, Omar N., Gen. of the Army, 23, 32, 34, 37, 127, 155, 158, 159-60, 165, 169, 178, 188, 190, 218, 230-31, 232, 233, 241, 242-43, 246, 247, 256, 290, 370, 372, 373, 409, 410, 411, 412, 415, 416, 427, 428, 472

Bridges, attacks on Yalu, 289-91, 194

Bridges, destruction of, Han, 30-31

Bridges, H. Styles, Sen., 19

Briggs, Ellis 0., Amb., 475, 477, 478, 479

Britain (United Kingdom), 11, 17, 30, 38, 164, 165, 194, 236, 237, 243, 244, 293, 296, 369, 370, 371, 374-75, 383, 387, 450, 466, 471

British Commonwealth, 369

British Commonwealth forces, 134, 300; 27th (later 28th) Brigade:

  • battalions of Middlesex, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (later King’s Own Scottish Bor­derers), Royal Australian, Prin­cess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry, and New Zealand 16th Field Artillery Regts., Indian 60th Field Ambulance and Surgical Unit, 134, 174, 191, 220-21, 241, 250, 252, 255, 261, 262, 283, 284, 285, 312, 314, 315, 319, 379, 393, 401, 419, 420-21; 29th Independent Brigade: battalions of Glouces­tershire Regt., Royal Ulster Rifles, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, plus tanks of 8th Hussars and Royal Artillery detachment, 318-19, 379, 381, 419, 421, 422; Canadian 25th Brigade, 424; 41st Independent Commando, 310, 325-27, 351, 352, 361

British Navy. See Royal Navy Brown, Russell, Lt., 291

“Buddy System,” U.S.-South Korean, 170

Buffer zone, proposed North Korean, 293, 296-98

Bugle Hill, 280-8 1, 283

Buttrey, Linton J., Capt., 91

Burma, 243, 295

Byers, Clovis E., Maj. Gen., 442 444, 445

C-47 transports, 44, 321-22, 355, 356-57, 361

C-54 transports, 44, 56, 210, 332, 355

C-119 transports, 266, 355, 362-63

Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 17

“Cadres” in Chinese units, 299

Cafferatta, Hector A., Pvt., 348

Camoesas, Alfonso, Cpl., 334, 337-38

Campbell, James G., Lt., 330, 332, 333, 335-36, 337-38

Canada, 194, 471, 473

Canadian Army. See British Commonwealth forces

Canadian Navy, 194-95

Canadian 25th Brigade. See British Commonwealth forces

Cannae, 149, 150, 153, 228, 230

Canney, John J., Maj., 345

Casey, Jeremiah, Sgt., 329

Casualties, comparative, 447, 483

Cavalry units. See United States Army

Cease-fire efforts, 372, 375-76, 387-88, 426, 427-36, 437, 438-39, 449-55, 466-67, 471

  • “greater sanction” statement, 450, 482
  • airfield rehabilitation, 451, 457
  • POW issue, 435, 452-55, 456-63
  • “germ warfare” issue, 456
  • supervisory commissions, 457, 473, 476, 480, 482
  • “package proposal,” 458
  • Red Cross League effort, 472-73
  • Rhee ‘s obstructionism, 474, 477, 478-79, 480
  • final proposals, 476
  • signing, 482
  • Geneva con­ference, 482

Cemetery Hill, 200, 203

Central Intelligence Agency, 6, 231, 232, 244, 258, 287

Chae (“Fat Boy”) Byong Duk, Maj. Gen., 28, 29, 30, 53, 112, 113

Chai Ung Jun. 25

Champney, Arthur S., Col., 183

Chandler, Homer B., Lt. Col., 89

“Changallon.” See Changchon

Chang Chang Kuk, Maj. Gen., 30, 31

Changchon, 130

Changjin (Chosin) reservoir, 286, 304, 307, 309, 313, 320, 324, 328, 334, 340, 353, 357, 366, 369

Chechon, 393, 395

Cheju-do (island), 197, 463

Chen~Yi, 309

Chiang Kai-shek, 16, 17, 18, 34, 45, 163, 164, 165, 166, 238, 258, 369, 376, 408

Chidester, Arthur A., Lt. Col., 326 Chiefs of Staff. See Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.

China Lobby, 16, 19, 39, 163, 179, 388

China, People’s Republic of (Communist), 6, 7, 9, 16-17, 21, 22, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 45, 164, 165, 176, 177-79, 230, 231-34, 238-39, 241-46, 256, 258-59, 289, 297, 369, 372, 374-76, 377-78, 383, 385-86, 387-89, 405-07, 415-16, 456-57, 471, 473

  • Communist Parties declaration on Korea, 259-60, 296
  • warning blow in Korea, 261-86
  • intervention in Korea, 312-67, 370
  • on cease-fire, 425-27, 429-30, 434-35, 437-39, 450, 451
  • See also Chinese Communist Forces

China, Republic of (Nationalist), 7, 11, 16-17, 38, 39, 163, 164-65, 177, 178, 179, 232, 258, 300, 302, 374, 378, 383, 408, 410, 415, 453, 472

  • offer of troops, 45

Chinese civil war, 7, 18

Chinese Communist Forces, 4, 7, 235, 241, 242, 244, 247, 256, 259-60, 263-67, 269-82, 283-86, 294, 309, 377, 379-83, 390-96, 399-404, 418-25, 446, 477-78, 481

  • description of army, 299-306
  • armament, 301
  • supply system, 301, 310-11, 353-54
  • camouflage, 302
  • tactics, 302-04
  • intervention in Korea, 304-05
  • views on American forces, 305-06
  • myth of “human wave attacks, 302-03, 311, 343-44
  • 1950 counteroffensive, 312-67
  • strengths and weaknesses, 353-55, 359, 373
  • spring 1951 strategy, 400
  • units:
  • Fourth Field Army, 304, 309
  • Third Field Army, 304, 309, 399;
  • 20th Army, 309
  • 38th Army, 304
  • 39th Army, 304
  • 40th Army, 304, 392
  • 42nd Army, 304, 309
  • 50th Army, 304
  • 66th Army, 304, 392
  • 59th Division, 343, 348
  • 79th Division, 343, 345, 348
  • 89th Division, 309, 343, 348
  • 124th Division, 304
  • 125th Division, 304
  • 126th Division, 304

Chinese Empire, 13

Chinese Nationalist troops. See China, Republic of (Nationalist)

Chingdong-ni, 119, 127, 128

Chirihung-ni, 286, 307, 308, 321-22, 324, 358, 361-62, 365

Chingjin, 367

Chinju, 106, 111-12, 114-15, 118-19, 127, 130-31

Chipyong-ni, 391, 393

Chin mountains, 225

Chirye, 119

Chochiwon, 68-70, 72-73, 78

Chonan, 62, 66-68, 73, 110, 223

Chongchon river, 251, 254-55, 259-62, 265, 269-71, 283-86, 304, 309, 312-16, 319, 379, 380, 448

Chonggo-dong, 262

Chongjin, 308

Chongju (north), 262, 312

Chongju (south), 73-75, 94, 118, 223

Chonju, 226

Chonui, 69-71, 73

Chorwon, 26, 206, 229, 399, 404, 418, 420, 424, 447

Chosan, 255, 261-62, 266, 304

Chosan-ni, 119

Chosin reservoir. See Changjin (Chosin) reservoir

Chou En-Iai. See Zhou Enlai

Chunchon, 25-26, 73, 109, 229, 249, 382, 400-02, 419, 421-22

Chung Ii Kwon, Lt. Gen., 53

Chungam-ni, 119, 127

Church, John H. Maj. Gen., 44, 53-56, 58, 107, 138, 284

Churchill, Winston, 8

Civil War, U.S., 231

Clark, Eugene F., Lt., 195-96, 201

Clark, Mark W., Gen., 458, 460, 462-63, 465-67; 474-75, 477, 479, 480, 482

  • proposal to expand war, 468, 469-70, 472

Clarke, Arthur M., Lt., 106

Clausewitz, Karl von, 8, 408

Cloverleaf hill and Obong-ni ridge, 136-40, 183, 185

Coad, Basil A., Brig., 285

Collins, J. L.awton, Gen., 33, 34, 150, 157, 159, 164, 170-71, 172-75, 177-78, 180, 296, 368, 372, 373, 374, 375, 385, 389-90, 409-10, 416, 427, 453, 454, 479

Colson, Charles F., Brig. Gen., 459-62

Command and General Staff School, U.S., 241

Communist China, Chinese. See China, People’s Republic of (Communist)

Communist Chinese troops. See Chinese Communist Forces

Congress, U.S., 177, 413

  • House of Representatives, 42
  • Senate, 6, 42, 388
  • Marshall confirmation, 179
  • hearings on Far East, 1, 238, 414-17, 426
  • treaty with South Korea, 481

Conspiracy, theory of communist, 1, 17, 21, 22, 24, 36-37, 38-39

Connor, Ollie D., Lt., 58

Cook, John M., Maj., 86

Cooke, Leroy M., Capt., 344

Coulter, John B., Maj. Gen., 314, 379

Craig, Harold, Sgt., 336

Czechoslovakia, 293, 473

Daniels, Henry F., Lt. Col., 446

Danish hospital ship, 428

Davidson, Garrison H., Brig. Gen., 187

Davidson line, 187-88

Dean, William F., Maj. Gen., 55, 63, 66, 68, 78, 86, 88, 92-94, 96-97, 99, 101, 103-04, 106

Defense Department, U.S., 217, 296-97, 372, 374, 432, 434, 436,454, 468

  • See also Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.; Army, Department of, U.S.

DeMott, Robert D., PFC, 366

Denness, A.P., Capt., 252

Densfield, Raymond C., Lt., 329

Dodd, Francis T., Brig. Gen., 457, 458-62, 464, 466

Dog. Task Force, 362, 365

Doyle, James H., Rear Adm., 159, 170-72, 186, 197

Driskell, Herman L., Lt., 65

Drysdale, Douglas B., Lt. Col., 325-27

Drysdale, Task Force, 325-27

Dulles, John Foster, 32, 478, 480

Dunham, Leland R., Maj., 98, 100, 102

Dunn, John J., Maj., 66

Duksoo Palace, 11

East Hill, 324, 358-59

Ebbs, Joseph M., Lt., 84

Eden, Anthony, 465

Edson, Hallett D., Lt. Col., 275-76

Edwards, Idwal H., Lt. Gen., 170

8th Hussars. See British Commonwealth forces

Egypt, 42, 44

Eighth United States Army in Korea (EUSAK). See United States Army

Eisenhower administration, 1

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 32, 458, 469, 472, 475-77, 480-82

Elephant, Task Force, 254

Emperor of Japan, 8, 9

Engineer units. See United States Army

English, John H., Lt., 86

Europe, 233

Faith, Don Carlos, Lt. Col., 329, 331, 333, 335-36

Flying Fish channel, 161, 197-98, 200

Far East Air Force. See United States Air Force

Far East Command, U.S., 6, 44, 77, 93, 164, 170-71, 177, 184, 189, 219, 250, 265, 299, 430, 432, 457, 468

  • G-2 (Intelligence), 142-43, 242, 244-45, 287

Felhoelter, Herman G., Chaplain, 91

Fenstermacher, Edgar R., Capt., 90-9 1

Fifth Air Force. See United States Air Force

Finletter, Thomas K., secy of air force, 34, 369

Fleming, Harry, Maj., 266, 268

Flynn, Robert M., Capt., 113-14

“The Forgotten War,” 436-37

Formosa. See Taiwan

Four-power joint commission, 11

Fox, Alonzo P., Maj. Gen., 197, 204

Fox Hill (north), 342, 343, 348-51

Fox Hill (south). See Hill 342

France, 38, 178, 231, 370, 374, 426, 466, 471

Freeman, Paul L., Jr., Col., 318

French Battalion, 382, 391, 393, 422, 423, 443-47

Funchilin pass, 362-64

Fusen reservoir. See Pujon (Fusen) reservoir

Fushun, China, 260

Gaius Flaminius, 151

Gay, Hobart R., Maj. Gen., 119-20 122-23, 142, 222-23, 270, 274, 280-81

Geneva Convention, 452-54

Genghis Khan, 5

George, Alexander L., 300

Germany, 1, 7, 9, 293, 372, 426

“Germ warfare.” See Cease-fire efforts

Gloucestershire Regt. See British Commonwealth forces

“Greater sanction” statement, 450, 482

Greek Battalion, 379, 401

Green, Charles H., Lt. Col., 252, 262

Gromyko, Andrei, 427, 433, 435

Guderian, Heinz, Gen., 2

Guerrillas, campaign against, 394

Habong-ni, 224

Hackett, Alan, Capt., 86

Hadong, 112-14

Hagaru airstrip, 321-22, 355-57

Hagaru-ri, 307-09, 313, 320-25, 327- 28, 332-33, 335-38, 342, 349-51, 353, 355-59, 361, 367

Hainan, 304

Halsey, William F., Jr., Adm., 153

Haman, 183, 191

Hamchang, 117

Hamhung, 249, 308, 358, 367, 373

Hamyang, 226

Han Dynasty, 232

Han river, 30, 44, 53-55, 58, 74, 116, 171, 204, 206-07, 211-13, 217, 380, 381, 392-96, 400, 421-23

Haneda airport, Japan, 413

Hangye-ri, 423

Hannibal, 150-51, 154, 228

Hargett, Ernest C., Lt., 365-66

Harriman, W. Averell, 166-67, 169, 175-79, 246, 409

Harris, Field, Maj. Gen., 308

Harris, H. H., Lt., 344

Harris, William F., Lt. Col., 344, 360

Harrison, William K., Jr., Lt. Gen., 465-68, 476, 479, 482

Haskins, James W.R., 1st Sgt., 91

Hausman, James W., Capt., 28

Hawkins, Jack, Lt. Col., 207-08

Haynes, Robert F., Capt., 329

Heartbreak Ridge, Battle of, Map 13, 443-47

Hell Fire Valley, 325-27, 353, 360-6 1

Herbert, Robert L., Lt., 100-03

Hermes, Walter G., 459, 462

Hicks, Joseph E., Lt., 81

Higgins, J.M., Rear Adm., 197-98, 202

Hill 56, 211-12

Hill 88, 211

Hill 105 Center, 211

Hill 105 South, 211

Hill 255, 128-29

Hill 268 (Triangulation Hill), 142

Hill 282, 220

Hill 296, 211

Hill 303, 144

Hill 314, 191-92

Hill 342 (Fox Hill), 128-29

Hill 388, 220

Hill 570, 191

Hill 660, 191

Hill 750 (How Hill), 286

Hill 851. See Heartbreak Ridge, Battle of

Hill 894. See Heartbreak Ridge, Battle of

Hill 902, 182, 191

Hill 981. See Heartbreak Ridge, Battle of

Hill 983. See Bloody Ridge, Battle of

Hill 1179, 440

Hill 1081, 363-65

Hill 1240 (North Ridge), 342, 346, 347-48

Hill 1276 (South Ridge), 342

Hill 1282 (North Ridge), 341-48

Hill 1328, 363, 365

Hill 1384 (North Ridge), 345-46, 348

Hill 1403 (Northwest Ridge), 340, 343-44, 349

Hill 1419, 342-43, 348-50

Hill 1426 (Southwest Ridge), 340

Hill 1457, 363

Hill, John G., Col., 137-38, 184

Hill, Task Force, 137-38

Hillenkoetter, Roscoe H., Rear Adm., 6

Hitler, Adolf, 120

Hodes, Henry I., Brig. Gen., 332

Hodge, John R., Lt. Gen., 12

Hoengchon, 112

Hoengsong, 39 1-93, 395

Hoge, William H., Maj. Gen., 395

Holmes, Ernest V., Col., 274

Hongchon, 25, 73, 229, 392, 394-95, 421-22as

Hongchon river, 421, 424

Hong Kong, 241, 383, 426

Hopkins, Willard H., Sgt. 225

Hotchkiss, William B., Lt., 86

Huichon, 254-55, 261, 263, 267

Hull, John C., Lt., Gen., 10

Hull, Milton A., Capt., 346

Hungnam, 249-51, 286, 320, 365, 370, 373

Hwachon (town and reservoir), 230 240-41, 399, 402, 404, 418, 424, 440

Hwanggan, 118

Hyesanjin, 308-09

Hyopchon, 114

Ichon, 391

Idaho line, 400

Imjin river, 26, 319, 379, 402, 419, 420-22, 424, 429, 447

Inchon, 10, 29, 33, 148, 150-53, 159, 160-61, 163, 169, 171, 180-81, 188-90, Map 7, 194-206, 227, 229, 233, 240-41, 245, 248-49, 392, 480. See also Inchon landing

Inchon landing, 148-54, 155, 159-62, 166, 169-75, 179-81, 188-90, 194-206, 229, 390, 410, 448. See also Inchon

Independence, Missouri, 33

India, 42, 44, 242-44, 370, 375, 471, 473-74, 476-77, 480

Indian 60th Field Ambulance and Surgical Unit. See British Commonwealth forces

Infantry units. See United States Army and United States Marine Corps

Inje, 230, 240-41, 400, 402, 419, 422-25

Ipsok, 261, 269, 272, 274, 276-77, 279

Iron Triangle, 230, 240-41, 399, 402, 404, 418, 424, 467

Itami air base, Japan, 358

Itazuke air base, Japan, 55, 197

Iwon, 250, 308

Jackson, Thomas J. (Stonewall), 151

Jamestown line, 447

Japan, 259, 383-84

  • in World War II, 7-10
  • strategic importance, 18, 20
  • peace treaty, 39
  • U.S. occupation, 46-4 7
  • air strikes from, 69, 96, 143, 266
  • R&R leaves in, 396-98

Japanese Navy, 8

Jensen, Carl C., Lt. Col., 72

Jessup, Philip C., amb.-at-large, 246, 247

Johnson, Harold K., Lt. Col., 280

Johnson, Louis, secy of defense, 34, 37, 164-65, 169, 175, 178-79

Johnson, U. Alexis, 243

Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 18, 22, 32, 36, 45, 77, 148-50, 151-57, 159-60, 163-66, 169-71, 175, 177, 180-81, 188-90, 195, 216, 218, 229-31, 235-37, 241, 244-46, 251, 255-56, 258, 287-96, 368-69, 372-73, 375-77, 383, 385, 387, 389, 405-07, 409, 413-16, 426-30, 432-34, 439, 449-51,453-54, 458, 462, 465, 468-69,475, 477, 479-80

Jones, Glen C., Lt., 264

Jones, Jack R., Capt., 347

Jones, Robert E., Maj., 337

Joy, C. Turner, Vice Adm., 159, 171, 175, 186, 434, 452, 458-59, 465

Judd, Roland D., Capt., 318

Kadong-ni, Map 4, 82, 84, 86

Kaesong, 26, 249, 250, 319, 429, 431-33, 436, 438-39, 449

Kang, Younghill, 15

Kanggye, 254, 321

Kansas line, 402, Map 12, 404, 418, 424

Kansong, 424-25, 439

Kapaun, Emil J., Chaplain, 281

Kapchon river, Map 5, 93, 96-98, 100

Kapsan, 308-09

Kapyong, 419-22, 424

Ka-san. See Hill 902

Kean, Task Force, 127

Kean, William B., Maj. Gen., 120, 127

Keiser, Lawrence B., Maj. Gen., 184, 313, 315

Kennan, George, 426-27

Khrushchev, Nikita, 21, 22

Kim Ii Sung, Premier, 13-14, 16, 21-22, 249, 429, 430, 433, 482

Kim Koo, 12

Kim Paik Ii, Maj. Gen., 30

Kim Tai Sun, 226

Kimchi, 15

Kimpo airfield, 29, 33, 171, 204-06, 213, 217, 381, 392

Kimpo peninsula, 421-22

Kingston, Robert C., Lt., 309

Kirk, Alan G., Amb., 427

Knowland, William F., Sen., 19, 233

Kobe, Japan, 196-97

Kochang, 111, 114

Koesan, 74

Kogan-ni, 127-28

Kojang, 263, 266-67

Koje-do (island), 457-59, 462-63

Kojo, 463

Koksan, 430

Komam-ni, 183

Kongju, 68, 73, 78-79, 81, 93, 96, 226

Konyang, 112

Korangpo-ri, 26

Korea: under Japanese rule, 10

  • partition, 11
  • UN election, 11-13
  • reliance on big power, 13
  • strategic position, 18

Korea, People’s Republic of (North Korea), 9, 14, 21-22, 38, 40, 43, 149, 158, 167, 229-36, 241-46, 249, 251, 254, 259, 288, 370, 377, 424, 427, 429-30, 434-35, 438-39, 450-51, 456-57, 465, 471, 473

  • Soviet weapons shipments, 22

Korea, Republic of (South Korea), 2, 14, 23, 29, 40, 216, 230, 232-33, 235, 402, 434, 453, 474, 475, 477, 479, 481

  • change of constitution, 464-65

Korea Strait, 74, 123, 129

Korean army, North. See North Korean army

Korean army, South. See South Korean army

Korean Democratic Party, 11

Korean Military Advisory Group

(KMAG), 29-31, 56

Korean trusteeship commission. See Four-power joint commission

Koryang, 134

Kosong, 127, 130

Koto-ri, 307-08, 321-22, 324-26, 328, 357-58, 361-63

Kujang-dong, 254-55, 270, 313-15

Kum river, 68, 73-74, 76-91, 92-93, 96, 110, 377, 382

Kumamoto, Kyushu, Japan, 55

Kumchon (north), 250

Kumchon (south), 118-20, 122, 206, 219, 225

Kumsan, 92, 94, 96, 97, 102, 104, 106

Kumsong, 424, 447, 478, 481

Kumwha, 230, 399, 418-19, 422, 424, 439, 443, 467

Kunsan, 150-51, 172-73, 180, 196, 221

Kunu-ri, 254, 268-71, 283-84, 313-16

Kunwi, 144

Kuryong river, 272, 274-75, 277-78, 281

Kusong, 262

Kwaksan, 262

Kyongju, 110, 181

Kyushu island, Japan, 34, 44, 55, 197

Lake Success, New York, 33

Lake Trasimene, Battle of, 151

L.andrum, Eugene M., Col., 92

Lee Hyung Koon, Maj. Gen., 28, 30

Lessenden, Chester M., Lt. Cmdr., 349

Libby, George D., Sgt., 105

Libby, R.E., Rear Adm., 455

Liddell Hart, B.H., 109, 151-52

Lie, Trygve, UN secy-gen., 16, 33, 177, 179, 236, 426

Lin Biao, 242, 304, 309

Lin Piao. See Lin Biao

Little Switch. See Prisoners of War (POWs)

Lippmann, Walter, 19

Litzenberg, Homer L., Col., 342, 348, 350, 363

Logan, Edward I., Maj., 86-88

Lovett, Robert A., secy of defense, 296, 454, 465

Lovless, Jay B., Col., 66

Lynch, Task Force, 221-25

Lynch, James H., Lt. Col., 222, 224

Lynch, John M., Col., 444

MacArthur, Douglas, Gen. of the Army, 1, 9, 10, 20, 29, 31, 34, 61, 77, 94, 108, 120, 142, 144, 156, 158, 160, 170, 206, 212, 215-18, 228-31, 234, 377, 389, 395, 402

  • regarding Taiwan, 37, 163-66, 175-79;
  • named UN commander, 44
  • calls for U.S. troops, 45
  • Inchon landing, 148-55, 159, 161-62, 166, 169, 171-73, 175, 180, 186, 188-90, 194, 197, 201-02, 204
  • effort to conquer North Korea, 158, 167-68, 235-41, 243-45, 249-51, 255-56, 258, 261, 285, 287-88, 390
  • Wake conference, 246-48
  • Chinese intervention, 288-89, 292-96, 368-74
  • bombing Yalu bridges, 289-91
  • “sanctuary of Manchuria,” 291, 374
  • on buffer zone, 293, 296-98
  • “home-by-Christmas” offensive, 307, 312
  • proposal to expand war, 377-78, 383-85
  • low troop morale charge, 384, 389-90
  • relief, 405-13, 426
  • Senate hearings, 414-17

MacLean, Allan D., Col., 333

Maher, Thomas A., Lt., 84

Majon-dong, 365

Malik, Yakov (Jacob), 16-17, 33, 236, 242, 426, 427, 456

Manchuria (northeast China), 7, 40, 231, 234, 235, 241-42, 244-45, 248, 260, 266, 290-91, 295, 301, 304, 308, 369, 372, 378, 415, 434

Manpojin, 254, 321

MaoTse-tung. See Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong, 17, 21, 22

  • on China White Paper, 19-20
  • protests Taiwan neutralization, 40
  • intervention in Korea, 241, 260, 304

Marengo, campaign of, 151, 302

Marines. See United States Marine Corps

Marshall, George C., 17, 18, 179, 236, 237-38, 241, 243, 246, 256, 292, 294, 368-70, 372-73, 385, 405, 409-10, 413-16, 428, 454

Martin, Joseph W., Jr., Rep., 408, 410-11

Martin, Robert R., Col., 66-67

Masan, 111, 115, 118-19, 122, 126-28, 130, 132, 134, 136, 181-83, 191, 193, 220, 457

Matthews, Francis P., secy of navy, 34, 239

McAbee, Filmore W., Capt., 279, 281

McCaffrey, Harry J., Jr., Lt., 215

McCarran, Patrick, Sen., 19

McCarthy, Joseph R., Sen., 1, 245, 437

McClure, Robert A., Brig. Gen., 453

McGill, Henry T., Lt., 84, 87

McGrail, Thomas M., Lt. Col., 83, 88, 89, 96, 100-01

McLaughlin, John M., Maj., 327

McLellan, David, 163, 168, 179, 233

Mellon, Thomas W., Maj., 445

Meloy, Guy S., Col., 83, 86, 88, 90, 91

Menoher, Person, Brig. Gen., 88, 89, 103, 105

Mexico, 231, 466, 471

Middlesex Hill (Point 325), 220

Middlesex Regt. See British Com­monwealth forces

Milburn, Frank W., Maj. Gen., 270-71, 274, 281, 379

Military Air Transport Service

(MATS), 77

Military situation in the Far East, hearings, U.S. Senate. See Con­gress, U.S.

Miller, Elmer L., Sgt., 279, 281

Millikin, John, Jr., Maj., 272, 274, 275-77

Mm Chang Taek-sang, 464 Miryang, 136-37, 181, 184

Mitchell, William, Capt., 114

Molotov, V.M., 241, 473

Mongols, 5

Montgomery, Bernard, Field Marshal, 158

Moore, Bryant E., Maj. Gen., 394-95

Moore, Howard M., Capt., 284

Moore, Ned D., Col., 112

Moriarty, Veale F., Maj., 278-79

Morris, Warren, Maj., 349-50, 360, 363

Morrissey, J., Lt., 114

Mortrude, James 0., Lt., 329-30, 332, 333-35

Mott, Harold W., Lt. Col., 112-14

Mount, Charles W., Lt. Col., 215

Muccio, John J., Amb., 29, 246, 294, 380, 411, 475

Muchon-ni, 127-28, 131

Muir, Kenneth, Maj., 220-21

Muju, 119

Mundung-ni, 445

Mungyong, 74, 109

Munsan-ni, 26, 402, 421-22, 424, 431

Mupyong-ni, 320, 322

Murphy, Robert 0., Amb., 479

Murray, Raymond L., Lt. Col., 138-39, 204, 348

Myonggucham, 253

Naepyong-ni, 422

Naha, Okinawa, 111

Naj in. See Rashin

Naksong-dong, 222

Naktong Bulge, Battles of the, 136-40, 181-86, 190-91

Naktong-ni, 123, 144, 222

Naktong river, 74, 75, 92, 108-10, 116-18, 120, 122-23, 124, 133-40, 181-82, 191, 219-20, 222, 226, 384

Nam Il, Gen., 458, 463, 467, 482

Nam river, 123, 182-83, 192

Namji-ri bridge, 137, 192

Nammyon river, 271, 276, 278, 281

Nam-san (mountain), 213-15

Nangnim-sanmaek mountains, 250, 307

Napchongjong, 312

Napoleon Bonaparte, 151, 301-02

Nash, Robert F., Lt., 86, 88

National Press Club, 18

National Security Council, 20, 164, 229, 234-36, 294-96, 368, 384-85, 389, 475

National Society for the Rapid Realization of Korean Indepen­dence, 11

Nationalist China. See China, Republic of (Nationalist)

Nationalist Chinese troops. See China, Republic of (Nationalist)

Navy. See United States Navy

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 466

The Netherlands, 295-96

Netherlands Battalion, 382, 423

Netherlands Navy, 134, 194-95

Neutral Nations Repatriation Com­mission, 473, 476, 480, 482

Neutral Nations Supervisory Com­mission, 473, 482

New York City, 413

New Zealand 16th Field Artillery Regt. See British Common­wealth forces

New Zealand Navy, 194-95

Nie Yen-rung, Gen., 242

Nieh Yen-jung. See Nie Yen-rung, Gen.

Nimitz, Chester, Adm., 153

No-dong, 422

Noel, Frank, 327

No-name line, 42 1-25

Nonsan, 79, 81, 96, 97

Norstad, Lauris A., Lt. Gen., 166, 169

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO), 385

North China plain, 23 1-32

North Korea. See Korea, People’s Republic of (North Korea)

North Korean army, 4, 23, 25, 53-54, 70-76, 116, 134-35, 173-75, 181-87, 201-10, 215, 228-30, 233, 237, 240, 247, 255, 261, 308-09, 379, 381-83, 392-96, 400, 419-20, 422, 440-47, 477-78, 481

  • composition and armament, 1-4
  • tactics, 4
  • against Task Force Smith, 57-62
  • units: II Corps, 381-82, 392-93
  • V Corps, 392-93
  • 1st Division, 26, 74, 134, 144-45, 147, 220, 225
  • 2nd Division, 25, 73, 75, 96, 191, 225
  • 3rd Division, 26, 74, 78, 82-91, 96-107, 109, 118, 122, 134, 136, 141-42, 225
  • 4th Division, 22, 28, 74, 78-79, 96-107, 109, 114, 134, 136-41, 190
  • 5th Division, 25, 74, 108-09, 116, 135, 144, 220
  • 6th Division, 26, 108-1 1, 114-15, 122-23, 126-27, 131, 134, 182-83, 220, 225, 419
  • 7th (12th) Division, 25, 73-74, 116, 135, 183, 192, 220, 225
  • 8th Division, 74, 144, 145
  • 9th Division, 183-86, 190, 206, 210
  • 10th Division, 134, 141-42, 191, 401
  • 13th Division, 74, 134, 144, 220
  • 15th Division, 74, 117, 134, 144, 145
  • 18th Division, 205-06, 214, 229
  • 105th Armored Brigade see Weapons, subheading Tanks

North Korean T34s

  • 766th Indepen­dent Unit, 25, 74, 108-09, 116, 135
  • 83rd Motorized Regt., 126, 130-31
  • 70th Regt., 205
  • 78th Independent Regt., 211
  • 25th Brigade, 206, 211
  • 87th Regt.. 206, 210
  • 239th Regt., 252-53

North Korean air force, 29-30, 45, 56, 83, 94, 96, 174, 205

Norway, 17

Noryangj in, 114

The Notch, 119, 127-28

Obong-ni ridge. See Cloverleaf hill and Obong-ni ridge

Observatory Hill, 200, 203

O’Donnell, Emmett, Jr., (Rosie), Maj. Gen., 143

Okchon, 78, 92, 94, 101, 103-04

Okinawa see Ryukyus

Ongjin peninsula, 11, 429

Onjong, 261-62, 264-67

Operation Killer, 395-96

Operation Piledriver, 424

Operation Ripper, 400-02

Operation Roundup, 392, 394

Operation Rugged, 402, 404

Operation Showdown, 467-68

Operation Talons, 439, 442

Operation Thunderbolt, 391

“Operation Yo-Yo,” 250

Oplan 8-52, 468-70, 472

Ormond, Robert J., Maj., 276, 278-80

Orr, Augustus B., Lt., 87, 90

Osan, 53, 55, 56, 58-59, 62-63, 223-24, 262, 381, 391

Pace, Frank, Jr., secy of army, 34 246, 411, 468

Paek-san (mountain), 308

Paik Sun Yup, Maj. Gen., 26, 255, 266-67

Pakchon, 261, 284

Palestine 1918 campaign, 151

Palmer, Charles D., Brig. Gen., 381

Palmer, Raymond D., Col., 274

Palmi-do (island), 196

Palsan-ni, 82, 87, 90

Panam-ni, 419, 20

Pang Ho San, Maj. Gen., 108, 111, 182

Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava, Amb., 242-45

Panmunjom, 439, 449, 457-58, 461-62, 465-68, 471-73, 475-79, 481-82

Partridge, Earle F., Maj. Gen., 390

Partridge, John H., Lt. Col., 364

Patton, George, Gen., 109-10, 158, 221

Peace talks. See Cease-fire efforts

Pearson, Lester, 473

Peking see Beijing (Peking)

Peng De-huai, Gen., 429, 430, 433, 482

Peng Teh-huai. See Peng De-huai, Gen.

People’s China, 227, 242

People’s Liberation Army. See

Chinese Communist Forces

Perry, Miller 0., Lt. Col., 5 8-59, 62

Pescadores (islands), 177

Philippine Battalion (10th), 310, 379, 424

Philippine islands, 18, 20, 34

Pu-bong, 132, 183

Pleven, Rene, 374

Plum Pudding Hill, 220

Pochon road, 26, 28

Pohang-dong, 74, 92, 110, 116, 118, 135, 181, 220

Poland, 473

“Police action,” 42

Pongam-do (island), 472

Pongam-ni, 131

Potsdam conference, 8, 10

Poun, 118, 223, 225

POWs. See Prisoners of War (POWs)

Princess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry. See British Common­wealth forces

Prisoners of War (POWs)

  • American, 253-55
  • Chinese, 263-65, 287
  • as cease-fire issue, 435, 452-56, 475-76; alleged UN atrocities, 456-63, 467, 472
  • exchange of sick POWs, 472-73
  • Rhee’s actions, 474, 478-79
  • Big Switch of POWs, 482-83
  • See also Cease-fire efforts

Prosser, Wilfred H., Tech. Sgt., 364

Pujon (Fusen) reservoir, 308

Pukchin, 264

Pukhan river, 400, 404, 421-23

Puller, Lewis B., Col., 204, 325, 361

The Punchbowl, Map 13, 425, 440, 442-43

Pungsan, 308

Pusan, 10, 29, 55-58, 74-75, 92, 106, 108-11, 115, 122-24, 126, 134, 144, 181, 186, 196, 240-41, 249, 373, 381-82, 389, 459, 464, 480

Pusan Perimeter, 123, 135-36, 150, 162, 172-75, 181-87, 189, 190-92, 205, 219-27, 228, 232, 235, 258

Pusong-myon, 171, 175

Pyoktong, 264

Pyongchang, 393

Pyonggang, 229-30, 399, 424

Pyonghae-ri, 74

Pyongtaek, 56, 58, 62-66, 69, 227, 381

Pyong-yang, 12, 196, 230, 240-41, 245, 247, 249-53, 263, 265, 267, 318, 368-69, 375, 430, 439, 456, 466

Pyongyang conference on unifica­tion, 12

R&R. See Rest and Recuperation (R&R) leaves

Radford, Arthur W., Adm., 157-58, 160, 247, 472

Raibl, Tony J., Maj., 112-13

Rashin (Najin), 439

Rau, Sir Benegal, 375

Red China, Chinese. See China, People’s Republic of (Communist)

Red Chinese troops. See Chinese Communist Forces

Red Cross, International Com­mittee of the (ICRC), 452, 456, 472

Red Cross Societies, League of, 472

Refugees, 122-23, 144, 365, 367, 381

Republic of Korea (ROK). See Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

Rest and Recuperation (R&R) leaves, 396-98, 451

Reston, James, 370

Rhee, Syngman, President, 3, 11-14, 21, 23-24, 40, 194, 216-17, 230, 235, 240, 380, 425

  • places forces under UN command, 44, 77
  • changes constitution, 464-65
  • objections to peace, 474-75, 477-82
  • pressure on U.S., 480

Ridge, Thomas L., Lt. Col., 322, 324

Ridgerunners of Toktong pass, 350-52

Ridgway, Matthew B., Gen., 117, 149, 150-51, 166, 169, 376-77, 379-81, 389-92, 395, 399-402, 404, 410, 412-13, 418, 442-43, 465

  • cease-fire efforts, 427-33, 434, 439, 449-50, 453
  • POW incident, 458-61

Rio Grande, 231

Robertson, Walter S., 478-81

Roise, Harold S., Lt. Col., 341

ROK police. See South Korean police

ROK (Republic of Korea). See Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

ROKs. See South Korean army

Rommel, Erwin, Field Marshal, 110

Roosevelt, Franklin D., President, 8

Royal Artillery. See British Common­wealth forces

Royal Marines (41st Independent Commando). See British Commonwealth forces

Royal Navy (British), 110, 116, 134, 173, 194-95, 197-98

  • light carrier, Triumph, 195
  • cruisers
  • Ceylon, 195;
  • Cockade, 195
  • Kenya, 198
  • Jamaica, 198, 205
  • destroyer, Charity, 195
  • frigate, Whitesand Bay, 196

Royal Northumberland Fusiliers. See British Commonwealth forces

Royal Ulster Rifles. See British Commonwealth forces

Ruffner, Clark L., Maj. Gen., 440

Rusk, Dean, .33, 246, 372, 427

Russia. See Soviet Union

Ryukyus (Okinawa), 18, 20, 111, 143

Sabangu, 421

Sachon, 127, 130

Samchok, 196, 381, 401

Samgyo-ri, 79-80

Samtan river, 271-72

Sanchong, 114-15

San Francisco, California, 413

Sangju, 117, 120, 223

Sangnyong-ni, 118

Sangwang-ni, 88

Sanje-ri, 114

Sansa-ri, 213

Sarajevo, 21

Sasebo, Japan, 34, 197

Satae-ri, 443, 445

Sawyer, W.D., Maj., 364

Schlieffen, Count Alfred von, 108

Schnabel, James F., 22, 238, 288, 383, 389, 404, 405

Schuman, Robert, 465-66

Scott, Hugh D., Rep., 233

Scullion, Edward B., Capt., 329

Sears, Norman W., Capt., 201

Seegars, Boone, Maj., 66-67

Senate committee hearings on MacArthur. See Congress, U.S.

Seoul, 6, 10, 25, 26, 28-30, 33, 141, 148, 152, 171, 173, 206-07, 211-18, 227-30, 241, 318, 373, 379-82, 392, 394, 400-02, 419, 421-22, 424

Seoul, reduction of, 211-16

Seventh Fleet. See United States Navy

Shanghai, 12, 309

Sharra, George F., Capt., 112-14

Shazo, de, Thomas F., Brig. Gen., 442-44

Shenyang, China, 260

Shepherd, Lemuel C., Lt. Gen., 160, 175, 197

Sherman, Forrest P., Adm., 34, 45, 150, 156, 160, 169-72, 175, 178, 180, 297, 369, 372, 378, 409, 416

Shinka, Michael J., Lt., 138-39

Short, Joseph, 411

Siberia, 21, 241, 308

Sihung-ni, 29

Sinanju, 254-55, 261, 283-84, 313-14

Sinchon, 78, 82

Singalpajin, 309

Sinhung-ni, 330-31, 334

Sinuiju, 262

Sitter, Carl L., Capt., 325, 327

Sloane, Charles C., Jr., Col., 315

Smith, Cecil G., Lt., 329-30, 332-36, 338

Smith, Charles B., Lt. Col., 55-56, 58, 60-62, 72-73, 262

Smith, Gerald L., PFC, 348

Smith, H.J., Lt., 213

Smith, Jack F., Capt., 104, 106

Smith, Lynn 0., Lt. Col., 190

Smith, Oliver P., Maj. Gen., 170-71, 186, 197, 212-14, 218, 307-08, 321, 325, 349, 353, 356, 357, 395

Smith, Robert, Sgt., 212

Smith, Task Force, 55-56, Map 2, 58-64, 262

Snow, Edgar, 17

Sobuk-san (mountains), 119, 127, 131-32, 134, 183

Songchon, 318, 369

Songjin, 250, 367

Songju, 220

Sosa, 205-06

South Korea. See Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

South Korean (Republic of Korea) army, 23, 25, 44, 53-54, 73-75, 110, 123, 174, 181, 202, 204, 211, 213, 234, 240, 241, 243, 245, 250, 256, 262, 286, 288, 304, 308-10, 315, 317, 320, 379-83, 389, 392, 400-04, 418-25, 440, 477, 478, 481

  • armament and composition, 2-4
  • blowing of Han bridges, 30-31
  • plan to raise to 20 divisions, 472, 475, 480, 481
  • units:
  • I Corps, 393, 421, 424
  • II Corps, 226, 267, 269-71, 283, 312-13, 315
  • III Corps, 392, 404, 42 1-22, 424
  • Capital Division 73, 114, 117, 181, 213-15, 249, 250, 367, 481
  • 1st Division, 26, 29, 73, 117, 144-45, 181, 220, 254-55, 261, 263, 265-67, 269, 312, 319, 379, 400, 419-22
  • 2nd Division, 28, 73, 117-18, 382, 421, 447
  • 3rd Division, 109, 117, 135, 181, 220, 249, 286, 367, 392-93, 481
  • 5th Division, 382, 392-93, 421-23, 440,442
  • 6th Division, 25, 73, 74, 117, 144, 181, 249, 254-55, 261, 264, 266, 267, 269, 283, 304, 312, 379, 393, 401, 419-21, 423, 447
  • 7th Division, 26, 28, 109, 271, 312, 421-23, 442, 444
  • 8th Division, 74, 116-17, 144, 181, 255, 261, 267, 269, 312, 382, 392-93
  • 9th Division, 424
  • 2nd Regt., 264-65, 267
  • 3rd Regt., 283
  • 7th Regt., 25-26, 261-63, 266-67, 269, 283, 304
  • 8th Regt., 283-84
  • 10th Regt., 267; 283
  • 11th Regt., 26, 265, 266, 269-70
  • 12th Regt., 26, 263, 266, 269
  • 13th Regt., 26
  • 15th Regt., 263-66, 269, 271-72, 274-75, 283
  • 17th Regt., 114, 213-15
  • 19th Regt., 267
  • 36th Regt., 440, 442
  • Task Force Mm, 123, 127, 131

South Korean police, 73, 109-10, 183, 226, 345

Soviet (Red) Army, 3, 7, 10, 235, 241, 247, 431

Soviet Union (Russia), 6-7,9, 11-14, 17, 21-22, 39, 230-36, 241, 247, 249, 297, 368, 370-71, 378, 387, 415, 452, 472

  • absence from UN Security Council, 33, 43
  • weapons shipments to North Korea, 22
  • regarding Taiwan, 179
  • on Korean cease-fire, 425-27, 473

Soyang river, 424

Stalin, Joseph, 21-22, 473

Stamford, Edward P., Capt., 332

State Department, U.S., 33, 164, 167, 217, 233, 235, 243, 245, 246, 249, 293, 296-97, 372, 374, 405-06, 411, 426-30, 432, 449-50, 454, 471, 473

Stephens, Richard W., Col., 55, 70-71, 73

Stevenson, Adlai, 469

Stith, Archie L., Lt., 79-80

Stone, I.F., 23, 258

Stratemeyer, George F., Lt. Gen., 142-43, 289

Strength of forces, comparative, 4, 31, 124-25, 133-34, 142, 173-74, 181, 217, 309-10, 373, 402, 419

Struble, Arthur 0. (Dewey), Vice Adm., 165, 171, 186, 196-98, 203-04

Suda Bay, Crete, 161

Su-dong, 286, 365

Suipchon river, 444-45

Sukchon, 25 1-52

Sun Tzu, 152, 483

Sunchon, 251, 253, 283, 313-16, 318

Sutter, Allan, Lt. Col., 203

Suwon, 29, 44, 53-54, 56, 58, 206, 217, 227, 394

Sweden, 295, 426, 473

Swenson, David S., Lt. 200

Switzerland, 473

Tabu-dong, 144-47, 182, 191, 220, 222

Tactics, military, 3-5, 302-04, 419

Taebaek mountains, 74, 109-10, 116, 307, 399, 401, 404, 440

Taechon, 312

Taedong river, 313

Taegu, 74-76, 94, 106, 109, 119-20, 127, 134, 141, 144-45, 181-82, 186, 220, 413

Taejon, 28-29, 54-56, 62, 68, 78-79, 88, 92-107

  • Map 5, 117-18, 141, 160, 219, 226-27, 377

Taepo-ri, 418, 421-22

Taepyong-ni, 73, 78, 82-91, 93-94, 96

Taeryong river, 261

Taft, Robert A., Sen., 179, 233

Taiwan (Formosa), 7, 16, 18, 22, 32, 40, 42, 231-33, 239, 241, 258, 260, 295, 369-70, 374-75, 386-88, 405, 408, 416, 453

  • U.S. survey team to, 34, 164-65
  • neutralization of, 34-37, 163-64, 166, 175-79

Taplett, Robert D., Lt. Col., 201-02, 345-47

Tanyang, 74, 109, 116

Taylor, Maxwell 0., Lt. Gen., 477

Thailand Battalion, 310, 410

38th parallel, Korea, 1-2, 4, 10-12, 23, 25, 40, 229-30, 232-38, 241, 243-45, 256, 259-60, 319, 375-76, 379, 400, 402, 405-06, 420, 424, 426-27, 429-30, 432-35,

437-38, 449

Throckmorton, John L., Lt. Col., 129

Time differential, 33

Time magazine, 234

Times, New York, 226, 234, 241, 375

Tocqueville, de, Alexis, 38-39

Tokchon, 255, 312-15

Toksan, 474

Toktong pass, 322, 342-43, 348, 350

Tokyo, 6, 28-29, 32, 34, 44, 157, 170, 287, 288, 297, 369, 377, 385, 390, 395-96, 411, 413, 432, 462

Tongchon, 443

Tongduchon-ni road, 26, 28

Topeka line, 424

Travis Air Force Base, California, 94

Treadway bridge, 362-64, 366

Triangulation Hill. See Hill 268

Tribune, Chicago, 411

Truman, Harry S., President, 9, 18, 20, 23-24, 49, 155-57, 216, 465, 468-69

  • decision on Korea, 33-34, 36
  • regarding Taiwan, 34-38, 40, 163-67, 176-79
  • decision not to declare war, 42
  • Chiang’s troop offer, 45
  • plan to conquer North Korea, 167
  • decision on Inchon, 169, 175, 179-80, 190
  • decision on crossing 38th parallel, 229, 234, 235, 241, 243-44, 402
  • Wake con­ference, 246-48, 256
  • Chinese intervention, 287, 292, 295, 368-70, 372, 374, 377
  • bombing Yalu bridges, 289, 291
  • on use of A-bomb, 371
  • cease-fire pro­posals, 372, 428, 430, 432, 449, 451, 466
  • limiting war aims, 377-78, 383-85
  • isolating Red China, 387-88
  • relief of MacArthur, 405-13
  • fighting during peace talks, 439
  • POW issue, 454, 457, 462-63

Truman administration, 1, 18-19, 40, 167, 231, 233-46, 288-90, 297, 369, 373, 375, 378, 383-85, 405, 407-08, 411, 414-17, 426, 458, 464, 469

Tuman-ni, 82

Tumen river, 2, 31, 259-60

Turkish Brigade, 310, 312, 314-15, 317, 379, 391, 420, 424

Uijongbu, 26, 28-29, 421-22, 424

Uisong, 144-45

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 11

Umyong-ni, 114

Underwater bridges, 136-37, 144, 222

United Kingdom. See Britain (United Kingdom)

United Nations, 18, 39, 233, 243, 296, 383, 385, 402, 405-07, 412, 416, 466, 472

  • UN Temporary Com­mission on Korea (UNTCOK), 11-12
  • admitting Red China, 16-17
  • Soviet boycott, 17, 22
  • intervention in Korea, 33, 42-44
  • regarding Taiwan 39, 40, 177, 179
  • asked to aid South Korea, 29
  • unification of Korea, 232, 234-43
  • Chinese intervention, 288, 293, 295, 368-72
  • debate on “U.S. aggression,” 295
  • efforts at cease-fire, 375-76, 386, 426-27, 434, 471, 473-74, 476
  • actions on Red China, 387-88
  • World Health Organization, 456
  • See also Cease-fire efforts

United Nations Command, 216, 229, 234, 242, 248, 287, 294, 385, 405-06, 431, 436-39, 448-55, 457-58, 461, 463-64, 466-67, 473, 476, 478-80

  • establishment of, 44
  • MacArthur named commander, 44
  • South Koreans placed under UN command, 44

United States, 6, 7, 11-13, 16, 17, 22, 32-33, 40, 165, 167, 177-78, 216-17, 231-39, 242-45, 288, 368, 370-72, 375-76, 383, 385-88, 406, 412, 416, 425-29, 434-35, 437, 449, 452, 466, 471,473, 475, 477, 479-80

  • in UN Security Council, 33, 42-44
  • state of military preparedness, 46-52

United States Air Force, 52, 263, 390

  • first air clashes, 29-30
  • commitment to Korea, 36
  • aircraft strength at outset, 44
  • U.S. reliance on A-bomb, 48
  • air attack in Siberia, 21
  • ground support, 54, 56-58, 69, 71, 83, 88, 94, 96, 126-27, 130, 146-47, 182, 184, 192, 214, 220, 267, 269-70, 280-81, 317, 333-35, 365, 367, 423, 445
  • Yonil air­field abandonment, 135
  • carpet bombing, 142-43
  • buildup of forces, 157
  • attacks on supply lines, 181
  • air supply, 266, 331-32, 349, 355-56
  • bombing Yalu bridges, 289-91, 294
  • first all-jet clash, 291
  • blocking Chinese troops, supplies, 293-94
  • Hagaru air evacuation, 321-22, 355, 356-57
  • covering Changjin retreat, 357-58
  • bombing dur­ing peace talks, 439, 465-66, 474-75
  • battles along Yalu, 448
  • See also C-47, C-54, C-119 transports

United States Army, 33, 122, 383, 391

  • commitment to Korea, 45
  • Japanese occupation, 46-47
  • state of preparedness, 46-52
  • buildup of forces, 157
  • Pipeline defined, 50
  • Transportation Corps, 135
  • supply system, 301, 310-11
  • “home-by-Christmas” offensive, 307, 312
  • strengths and weaknesses, 353-55, 373
  • units:
  • Eighth United States Army in Korea (EUSAK), 68, 77, 122-23, 127, 143, 172-75, 182, 184, 186, 189, 205, 219, 221, 223, 240-41, 247, 249-51, 253-54, 261-63, 265, 283, 287, 296-97, 304-05, 307, 309-10, 312-16, 369-70, 373, 376-78, 383, 386-87, 389-90, 395-96, 399-404, 418-25, 436, 439-47, 468, 477
  • I Corps, 221, 223, 263, 267, 270, 274, 312, 314, 379, 382, 391-92, 394, 400, 402, 404, 418-24, 443, 447
  • IX Corps, 221, 312-13, 315, 379, 382, 391-92, 394-95, 400-02, 404, 418-24, 447, 467
  • X Corps, 170, 172-73, 189, 200-10, 212, 214, 240-41, 249-51, 304-05, 307, 309-10, 313, 320-67, 369-70, 373, 376, 379-80, 382, 391-95, 400, 404, 42 1-24, 439-47
  • 1st Cavalry Division, 52, 92, 117-19, 122-23, 141-42, 181-82, 191-92, 219-25, 249-50, 267, 269-82, 283-84, 312, 314-15, 379, 391, 393, 401, 420-22, 447, 468
  • 2nd Infantry Division, 124, 127, 137, 145, 147, 156, 159, 181, 183-84, 219-20, 247, 283, 312-18, 380, 382-83, 391-93, 421-23, 440-47, 459
  • 2nd Armored Division, 156
  • 3rd Infantry Division, 156, 166, 169, 186, 247, 250, 280, 320, 362, 365, 367, 400, 419-24, 447, 459, 460
  • 7th Infantry Division, 52, 169-70, 172-73, 186, 206, 210, 212-15, 223-24, 229, 240, 249-50, 307-08, 313, 320-22, 325, 327-38, 358-67, 369, 380, 382, 392-93, 421
  • 11th Air­borne Division, 156
  • 24th Infantry Division, 52, 55, 69, 70-73, 78-108, 110, 117-18, 123, 136-37, 141, 145, 182, 219, 221, 250, 261-62, 269, 274, 283-85, 312, 379, 395, 401, 418, 420-21, 447
  • 25th Infantry Division, 52, 109, 117, 122-23, 126, 132, 136-37, 145-47, 181-83, 192, 221, 312-13, 319, 379, 381, 392, 400, 418-24
  • 82nd Airborne Division, 154, 156, 166, 169, 189
  • 5th Cavalry Regt., 141, 250, 267, 270-71, 278, 280, 283, 393, 420-21
  • 5th Regimental Combat Team, 122-23, 126-29, 131-32, 157, 159, 219-20, 283-84, 316
  • 7th Cavalry Regt., 118, 142, 191, 221-25, 270, 280, 404
  • 7th Infantry Regt., 362, 423
  • 8th Cavalry Regt., 267, 269-82, 283, 468
  • 9th Infantry Regt., 124, 137-39, 145, 183~86, 190-91, 283, 313-16, 422, 442-47, 459
  • 15th Infantry Regt., 423
  • 17th Infantry Regt., 186, 308
  • 19th Infantry Regt., 78, 82-91, 93-94, 96-107, 111-12, 114, 118-19, 136- 38, 283-85, 380
  • 21st Infantry Regt., 55, 56-62, 68-73, 78, 93-94, 111, 114, 137, 262, 284
  • 23rd Infantry Regt., 124, 137, 147, 183, 313-14, 316, 318, 391, 393, 442-46
  • 24th Infantry Regt., 47, 117, 123, 127-28, 131-32, 183-84, 191, 420
  • 27th Infantry Regt., 118-19, 127-28, 137, 145-47, 191-92, 381
  • 29th Infantry Regt., 111-15, 119, 123, 157
  • 31st Infantry Regt., 224-25, 308, 322, 325, 327-38, 358-67
  • 32nd Infantry Regt., 186, 210, 213-15, 309, 322, 328-38, 358-67
  • 34th Infantry Regt., 63-68, 73, 78-81, 83, 93-94, 96-107, 111, 114, 136-38
  • 35th Infantry Regt., 117, 127-28, 183, 191-92
  • 38th Infantry Regt., 124, 183, 191, 313-15, 442-47, 459
  • 65th Infantry Regt., 186, 365, 423
  • 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team, 159, 161, 213, 251-52, 380, 382, 392-93, 400-01, 421, 424, 462
  • 8th Field Artillery Bn., 145-47
  • 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Group, 265, 271-72
  • 11th Field Artillery Bn., 80, 82-83, 93
  • 13th Field Artillery Bn., 82, 88
  • 17th Field Artillery Bn., 265, 316-17
  • 37th Field Artillery Bn., 145, 147
  • 52nd Field Artillery Bn., 58-62, 82, 86, 90, 93
  • 57th Field Artillery Bn,. 322, 328-38, 358-67
  • 61st Field Artillery Bn., 284-85
  • 63rd Field Artillery Bn., 79-80, 93
  • 77th Field Artillery Bn., 142
  • 82nd Field Artillery Bn., 270
  • 90th Field Artillery Bn., 131
  • 99th Field Artillery Bn., 275-76
  • 555th Field Artillery Bn., 131
  • 6th Tank Bn., 254-55, 263, 265
  • 70th Tank Bn., 276, 278
  • 72nd Tank Bn., 184, 314, 420
  • 89th Tank Bn., 124, 126, 252
  • 2nd Engineer Special Brigade, 156
  • 2nd Combat Engineer Bn., 184-85, 313, 316-18
  • 3rd Combat Engineer Bn., 69; 4th Ranger Co., 404
  • 121st Evacuation Hospital, 356
  • Second Logistical Command, 459
  • See also Weapons
  • United States Marine Corps, 122, 156, 311; state of preparedness, 49; buildup of forces, 157; strengths and weaknesses, 353-55; ground air support, 69,
  • 129-31, 140, 201-02, 204, 211-
  • 13, 326, 330-35, 341, 349-51,
  • 358, 364-67, 445; planning for
  • Inchon, 161-62, 170-75; 1st
  • Marine Division, 156, 159-60,
  • 169-71, 173, 186, 200-16, 229,
  • 240, 249-50, 286, 304, 307-09,
  • 313, 320-67, 369, 383, 394-95,
  • 401, 420-24, 442; 1st Pro­visional Marine Brigade (5th Marines), 122-23, 126-31, 138-39, 145, 161, 169, 172, 184-88, 190; 1st Marine Regt., 161,
  • 200-16, 322, 324-27, 358-67;
  • 5th Marine Regt., 200-16, 313,
  • 322, 328, 340-52, 358-67; 7th
  • Marine Regt., 161, 207, 211-13,
  • 215, 286, 304, 308, 313, 322,
  • 340-52, 358-67; 1st Marine Air
  • Wing, 308, 357-58; Marine Air
  • Group 33, 205; squadrons:
  • VMF-212, 358; VMF-214, 357-
  • 58; VMF-312, 357; VMF-323,
  • 358. See also Weapons

United States Navy, 33, 52, 110, 116, 195-204, 206

  • protecting civilian evacuation, 29
  • neutralizing Taiwan, 34, 36-37, 39, 164
  • commitment to Korea, 36,45
  • planning for Inchon, 159, 161-62, 170-75
  • bombardment and air support, 69, 182, 184, 200-02
  • covering Changjin retreat, 357-58
  • bombing during peace talks, 465-66, 474-75
  • fast fleet carriers:
  • Valley Forge, 126, 191, 195, 357-58
  • Philippine Sea, 126, 191, 195, 357-58
  • Boxer, 195
  • Leyte, 357
  • Princeton, 35 7-58
  • light carrier: Bataan, 358
  • escort carriers:
  • Sicily, 126, 129-30, 138, 160, 173, 195-96, 204k 357-58
  • Badoeng Strait, 126, 129-30, 138, 160, 173, 195-96, 357-58; battleship
  • Missouri, 196, 202, 206
  • cruisers:
  • Rochester, 197, 205
  • Toledo, 198, 200
  • flagship: Mount McKinley, 197
  • destroyers:
  • Collett, 198, 200
  • De Haven, 198, 200
  • Gurke, 198, 200
  • Henderson, 198
  • Mansfield, 198, 200; Swenson, 198, 200
  • transport: Walker, 111
  • hospital ship: Consolation, 356

Unsan, 255, 261, 263-66, 269-82

  • Map 10, 287

U.S. News and World Report, 176, 234

Utah line, 404, 418

Van Brunt, Rinaldo, Brig. Gen., 270

Vandenberg, Arthur, Sen., 233

Vandenberg, Hoyt S., Gen., 34, 157-58, 164, 170, 385, 389, 416, 427

Van Fleet, James A., Lt. Gen., 410, 413, 418, 421-24, 436, 439-40, 442-44, 457, 459-62, 467, 472, 477

Van Orman, Chester W., Sgt., 87 Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 176-79, 239

Vietnam War, 1, 436, 437, 465, 482 Vishinsky, Andrei, 179

Wadlington, Robert L., Lt. Col., 79-80, 103-05

Waegwan, 118, 122-23, 134, 136, 141, 144, 219-20

Wake island conference, 246-48, 256

Walker, Walton H., Lt. Gen., 68, 77, 92, 94, 108-10, 114-15, 119, 122, 127, 135, 137-38, 145, 157, 170, 172, 181, 184, 186-87, 190, 219, 236, 258, 261, 265, 270, 283, 314, 318

  • his “stand-or ­die” order, 120
  • death, 376

Walton, William, Lt. CoI., 272, 274, 276

Washington, D.C., 6, 28, 32-33, 45, 231, 234-40, 243-44, 266, 287-88, 295, 299, 368, 372, 374, 377, 379, 383-84, 389, 407, 411, 413, 432, 437, 462, 473, 481

Washington, George, 38

Watson, Robert J., 22, 238, 288, 389, 434

Weapons:

  • rocket launchers:
  • 2.36-inch (bazooka), 2, 58-59, 93
  • 3.5-inch (super bazooka), 2, 93-94, 98, 99-101, 140, 184-85, 204, 225, 281, 359
  • shells, armor­piercing antitank, HEAT (high­explosive, antitank), 3, 58, 59, 93
  • tanks:
  • North Korean T34s, 2, 7, 25-26, 28, 54, 58-60, 64, 69-70, 71-72, 78, 83, 99-101, 109, 117, 139-40, 145-46, 184-85, 204, 210, 224-25, 255, 261, 262
  • South Korea denied, 3;
  • United States armor
  • M24s, 69, 72, 73, 88-89, 90
  • M4A3s, 93, 123, 174, 216, 222-25, 272, 274-76, 278-79, 317-18, 321, 365-66, 445-46
  • M26s, 93, 123, 140, 174, 185, 201, 204, 216, 321, 325-27
  • tank loss causes, 221

Webb, James F., 454

Webel, James B., Capt., 224-25

Wherry, Kenneth S., Sen., 19

White Paper on China, 19-20

Whiting, Allen S., 239, 245

Whitney, Courtney, Maj. Gen., 197, 204

Williams, Jack F., 1st Sgt., 318

Willoughby, Charles A., Maj. Gen., 244, 265

Wilson, Charles F., 472, 480

Wilson, Robert 0., Lt., 332-33

Winstead, Otho T., Lt. CoI., 86-87

Wolmi-do (island), 162, 196-202, 217

Wonju, 73-74, 109, 379, 381-82, 391, 393, 395

Won-ni, 315

Wonsan, 229-30, 240-41, 249-51, 318, 367-70, 428, 443

Woodside, William W., Lt., 225

World Health Organization, 456

World War I, 436, 447

World War II, 2, 3, 7-10, 153, 436

Wright, Edwin K., Maj. Gen., 171, 186, 197, 204

Wright, William H.S., Col., 29

Wu Hsiu-chuan. See Wu Xiu-zhuan

Wu Xiu-zhuan, 370, 375

Wu-ti, Emperor, 232

Wyoming line, 418, 424

X Corps. See United States Army

Xenophon, 320

Yalu river, 40, 231-32, 242, 244-45, 247, 250-5 1, 254-56, 258-62, 264, 266, 286, 288-89, 291, 294-97, 304-05, 307-09, 312, 321, 390, 430, 434, 448, 466

Yellow Sea, 63, 161, 197, 404

Yi Sung-gai, King, 13

Yoju, 393

Yokohama, Japan, 196

Yokosuka, Japan, 197

Yonan, 26, 429

Yonil airfield, 135

Yonchon, 447

Yongchon, 181-82

Yongbyon, 263, 270

Yongdok, 74, 110-11, 114, 116-17, 123, 135, 383

Yongdong, 93-94, 105-06, 117-19, 124, 141

Yongdungpo, 54, 171, 204, 206-10, 217

Yonghung-do (island), 195

Yongju, 116

Yongpo, 134, 141-42, 191

Yongsan, 134, 136-37, 183-85

Yongsan-dong, 261, 267, 270-71, 278

Yongyu, 252

Yonpo airfield, 356-58, 362

Young, Robert N., Maj. Gen., 444-45

Yount, Paul F., Brig. Gen., 459-62

Yu Jae Hung, Maj. Gen., 267

Yudam-ni, 313, 320, 322, 324, 340-51, 353, 356

Yugoslavia, 33, 44

Yusong, 96-97

Zhou Enlai, 16

protests Taiwan neutralization, 39

intervention in Korea, 241-45

UN cease-fire proposals, 375-76, 473

Zimmerman, Charles T., Pvt., 105

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